References

ANT2022

Antonelli, M., Reinke, A., Bakas, S., et al. (2022). The Medical Segmentation Decathlon. Nature Communications, 13, 4128. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30695-9)

BAL2005

Balanis, C. A. (2005). Antenna theory: analysis and design (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.

BER1998

Bergmann, T., Robertsson, J. O., & Holliger, K. (1998). Finite-difference modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive and attenuating media. Geophysics, 63(3), 856-867. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444396)

BEG1992

Beggs, J. H., Luebbers, R. J., Yee, K. S., & Kunz, K. S. (1992). Finite-difference time-domain implementation of surface impedance boundary conditions. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 40(1), 49-56. (https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920010501)

BIR1974

Birchak, J. R., Gardner, C. G., Hipp, J. E., & Victor, J. M. (1974). High dielectric constant microwave probes for sensing soil moisture. Proceedings of the IEEE, 62(1), 93-98. (https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1974.9388)

BOU1996

Bourgeois, J. M., & Smith, G. S. (1996). A fully three-dimensional simulation of a ground-penetrating radar: FDTD theory compared with experiment. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 34(1), 36-44. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.481890)

BUR1981

Burrough, P. A. (1981). Fractal dimensions of landscapes and other environmental data. Nature, 294(5838), 240-242. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294240a0)

CAP2007

Çapoğlu, İ. R. (2007). Techniques for Handling Multilayered Media in the FDTD Method. PhD thesis, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.

CAP2012

Çapoğlu, İ. R., Taflove, A., & Backman, V. (2012). A frequency-domain near-field-to-far-field transform for planar layered media. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(4), 1878-1885. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2186253)

CHE2007

Chen, Z.-H., & Chu, Q.-X. (2007). FDTD Modeling of Arbitrary Linear Lumped Networks Using Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution Technique. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 73, 327-341. (https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER07042002)

CIC1993

Cicchetti, R. (1993). On the time-domain response of microstrip dipoles embedded in a low-loss grounded dielectric slab. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 6(4), 238-240. (https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650060408)

DOB1985

Dobson, M. C., Ulaby, F. T., Hallikainen, M. T., & El-Rayes, M. (1985). Microwave dielectric behavior of wet soil-Part II: Dielectric mixing models. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, (1), 35-46. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1985.289498)

DIA2009

Diamanti, N., & Giannopoulos, A. (2009). Implementation of ADI-FDTD subgrids in ground penetrating radar FDTD models. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 67(4), 309-317. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.07.004)

EID2022FMCW

Eide, E., Casademont, T., Aardal, Ø., & Hamran, S.-E. (2022). Modeling FMCW Radar for Subsurface Analysis. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 15, 2997-3006. (https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3165135)

ENG1982

Engheta, N., Papas, C. H., & Elachi, C. (1982). Radiation patterns of interfacial dipole antennas. Radio Science, 17(6), 1557-1566. (https://doi.org/10.1029/RS017i006p01557)

GAS2026

Gasmelseed, A. (2026). Snell-corrected electric parameter scaling for 2-D FDTD dispersion reduction in layered tissues. Biomedical Optics Express, 17(4), 1928-1935. (https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.590271)

HILL1998

Hillel, D. (1998). Environmental soil physics: Fundamentals, applications, and environmental considerations. Academic press. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012348525-0/50030-6)

GED1998

Gedney, S. D. (1998). The perfectly matched layer absorbing medium. Advances in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 263-344.

GIAK2012

Giannakis, I., Giannopoulos, A., & Davidson, N. (2012). Incorporating dispersive electrical properties in FDTD GPR models using a general Cole-Cole dispersion function. In 2012 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2012.6254866)

GIA2014

Giannakis, I., & Giannopoulos, A. (2014). A Novel Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution Approach for Dispersive Media Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 62(5), 2669-2678. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2308549)

GIA1997

Giannopoulos, A. (1997). The investigation of Transmission-Line Matrix and Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods for the Forward Problem of Ground Probing Radar, D.Phil thesis, Department of Electronics, University of York, UK. (http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/2443)

GIAFF1997

Giannopoulos, A., Randhawa, B. S., Tealby, J. M., & Marvin, A. C. (1997). Modification to time domain near-field to far-field transformation for FDTD method. Electronics Letters, 33(25), 2132-2133, December 1997. (https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19971475)

GIA2012

Giannopoulos, A. (2012). Unsplit implementation of higher order PMLs. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 60(3), 1479-1485. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2011.2180344)

GIA2018

Giannopoulos, A. (2018). Multipole Perfectly Matched Layer for Finite-Difference Time-Domain Electromagnetic Modeling. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 66(6), 2987-2995, June 2018. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2018.2823864)

GIA2023SFCW

Giannopoulos, A., Warren, C., & Giannakis, I. (2023). Efficient finite-difference time-domain simulation of step-frequency continuous-wave ground penetrating radar systems. In NSG2023 29th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, pp. 1-5. (https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202320168)

HAM2020RIMFAX

Hamran, S.-E., Paige, D. A., Amundsen, H. E. F., Berger, T., Brovoll, S., Carter, L., Damsgård, L., Dypvik, H., Eide, J., Eide, S., Ghent, R., Kohler, J., Mellon, M., Nunes, D. C., Plettemeier, D., Rowland, S., & Øyan, M. J. (2020). Radar Imager for Mars’ Subsurface Experiment—RIMFAX. Space Science Reviews, 216, 128. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00740-4)

HAR2020

Hartley, J. M. (2020). On Finite-Difference Time-Domain Sub-Gridding Algorithms for Efficient Modelling of Ground-Penetrating Radar. PhD thesis, The University of Edinburgh. (https://doi.org/10.7488/era/835)

HAR2021

Hartley, J., Giannopoulos, A., & Davidson, N. (2022). Switched Huygens Subgridding for the FDTD Method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 70(8), 6872-6882. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2022.3161371)

HYU2009

Hyun, S.-Y., Kim, S.-Y., & Kim, Y.-S. (2009). An Equivalent Feed Model for the FDTD Analysis of Antennas Driven Through a Ground Plane by Coaxial Lines. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57(1), 161-167. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2008.2009650)

IRE2013

Ireland, D., & Abbosh, A. (2013). Modeling human head at microwave frequencies using optimized Debye models and FDTD method. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 61(4), 2352-2355. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2242037)

IEEE62704-3

IEC/IEEE (2017). IEC/IEEE 62704-3:2017, Determining the peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body from wireless communications devices, 30 MHz to 6 GHz—Part 3: Specific requirements for using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for SAR calculations of mobile phones. (https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.8089724)

IEEE62704-1

IEC/IEEE (2017). IEC/IEEE 62704-1:2017, Determining the peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body from wireless communications devices, 30 MHz to 6 GHz—Part 1: General requirements for using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for SAR calculations. (https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.8088404)

MIE1908

Mie, G. (1908). Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen. Annalen der Physik, 330(3), 377–445. (https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19083300302)

KEL2007

Kelley, D. F., Destan, T. J., & Luebbers, R. J. (2007). Debye function expansions of complex permittivity using a hybrid particle swarm-least squares optimization approach. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 55(7), 1999-2005. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2007.900230)

KOB2010

Kobidze, G. (2010). Implementation of Collocated Surface Impedance Boundary Conditions in FDTD. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 58(7), 2394-2403. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2010.2048859)

KUN1993

Kunz, K. S., & Luebbers, R. J. (1993). The finite difference time domain method for electromagnetics. CRC press.

LAA2010

Laakso, I., Uusitupa, T., & Ilvonen, S. (2010). Comparison of SAR calculation algorithms for the finite-difference time-domain method. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 55(15), N421-N431. (https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/N03)

LI2013

Li, J., Guo, L. X., Jiao, Y. C., & Wang, R. (2013). Composite scattering of a plasma-coated target above dispersive sea surface by the ADE-FDTD method. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE, 10(1), 4-8. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2189751)

LWI2019

Lwin, K. T., & Yokota, M. (2019). Numerical analysis of SAR and temperature distribution in two dimensional human head model based on FDTD parameters and the polarization of electromagnetic wave. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 104, 199-208. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2019.03.010)

LUE1991

Luebbers, R. J., Kunz, K. S., Schneider, M., & Hunsberger, F. (1991). A finite-difference time-domain near zone to far zone transformation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 39(4), 429-433, April 1991. (https://doi.org/10.1109/8.81453)

LUE1994

Luebbers, R., Steich, D., & Kunz, K. (1993). FDTD calculation of scattering from frequency-dependent materials. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 41(9), 1249-1257. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.247751)

MAK2002

Mäkinen, R. M., Juntunen, J. S., & Kivikoski, M. A. (2002). An Improved Thin-Wire Model for FDTD. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 50(5), 1245-1255, May 2002.

MAL1994

Maloney, J. G., Shlager, K. L., & Smith, G. S. (1994). A simple FDTD model for transient excitation of antennas by transmission lines. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 42(2), 289-292.

MAL1992

Maloney, J. G., & Smith, G. S. (1992). The use of surface impedance concepts in the finite-difference time-domain method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 40(1), 38-48. (https://doi.org/10.1109/8.123351)

MAT1979

Matula, R. A. (1979). Electrical resistivity of copper, gold, palladium, and silver. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 8(4), 1147-1298. (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555614)

DES1984A

Desai, P. D., James, H. M., and Ho, C. Y. (1984). Electrical resistivity of aluminum and manganese. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 13(4), 1131-1172. (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555725)

DES1984S

Desai, P. D., Chu, T. K., James, H. M., and Ho, C. Y. (1984). Electrical resistivity of selected elements. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 13(4), 1069-1096. (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555723)

PER1999

Pereda, J. A., Alimenti, F., Mezzanotte, P., Roselli, L., & Sorrentino, R. (1999). A New Algorithm for the Incorporation of Arbitrary Linear Lumped Networks into FDTD Simulators. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 47(6), 943-949. (https://doi.org/10.1109/22.769330)

PIE2009

Pieraccini, M., Bicci, A., Mecatti, D., Macaluso, G., & Atzeni, C. (2009). Propagation of large bandwidth microwave signals in water. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 57(11), 3612-3618. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2025674)

POP2006

Popa, T., Ibáñez, L., Levy, E., White, A., Bruno, J., & Cleary, K. (2006). Tumor volume measurement and volume measurement comparison plug-ins for VolView using ITK. In Medical Imaging 2006: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Display, Proceedings of SPIE, 6141, 61411B. (https://doi.org/10.1117/12.655213)

RAM1997

Ramahi, O. M. (1997). Near- and far-field calculations in FDTD simulations using Kirchhoff surface integral representation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 45(5), 753-759, May 1997. (https://doi.org/10.1109/8.575616)

ROD2013

Rodrigues, D. B., Maccarini, P. F., Salahi, S., Colebeck, E., Topsakal, E., Pereira, P. J. S., Limão-Vieira, P., & Stauffer, P. R. (2013). Numerical 3D modeling of heat transfer in human tissues for microwave radiometry monitoring of brown fat metabolism. Proceedings of SPIE, 8584, 85840S. (https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004931)

SMI1984

Smith, G. S. (1984). Directive properties of antennas for transmission into a material half-space. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 32(3), 232-246. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1984.1143307)

STA2017

Stadler, S. (2017). A Forward Modeling Study for the Investigation of the Vertical Water-Content Distribution of Using Guided GPR Waves (Master’s Thesis, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany) (https://app.box.com/s/h2n2ytsdllcm77du1o9lknumngmq8vq8)

TAF2005

Taflove, A., & Hagness, S. C. (2005). Computational electrodynamics. Artech house.

TAN2010

Tan, T., & Potter, M. (2010). FDTD discrete planewave (FDTD-DPW) formulation for a perfectly matched source in TFSF simulations. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 58(8), 2641-2648. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2010.2050446)

TANG2002

Tang, J., & Hong, W. (2002). The electromagnetic field produced by a horizontal electric dipole over a dielectric coated perfect conductor. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 36, 139-152. (https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER02011801)

TEI1998

Teixeira, F. L., Chew, W. C., Straka, M., Oristaglio, M. L., & Wang, T. (1998). Finite-difference time-domain simulation of ground penetrating radar on dispersive, inhomogeneous, and conductive soils. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 36(6), 1928-1937. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.729364)

TUR1987

Turcotte, D. L. (1987). A fractal interpretation of topography and geoid spectra on the Earth, Moon, Venus, and Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 92(B4), E597-E601. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb092ib04p0e597)

TUR1997

Turcotte, D. L. (1997). Fractals and chaos in geology and geophysics. Cambridge university press. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139174695)

UMA1987

Umashankar, K., Taflove, A., & Beker, B. (1987). Calculation and experimental validation of induced currents on coupled wires in an arbitrary shaped cavity. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 35(11), 1248-1257, November 1987. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1987.1144000)

VIA2005

Vial, A., Grimault, A. S., Macías, D., Barchiesi, D., & de La Chapelle, M. L. (2005). Improved analytical fit of gold dispersion: Application to the modeling of extinction spectra with a finite-difference time-domain method. Physical Review B, 71(8), 085416. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.085416)

WAI1955

Wait, J. R. (1955). Scattering of a plane wave from a circular dielectric cylinder at oblique incidence. Canadian Journal of Physics, 33(5), 189-195. (https://doi.org/10.1139/P55-024)

WAN2010

Wang, Y., & Langdon, S. (2010). Design of wave ports in FDTD and its application to microwave circuits and antennas. In 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. (https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2010.5562023)

WAR2017

Warren, C., & Giannopoulos, A. (2017). Characterisation of a ground penetrating radar antenna in lossless homogeneous and lossy heterogeneous environments. Signal Processing, 132, 221-226. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2016.04.010)

WHI2009

Whittow, W. G., & Edwards, R. M. (2009). Effects of averaging procedures for electrical properties at the interface of dissimilar tissues in the human head with finite-difference time-domain modelling. Science, Measurement & Technology, IET, 3(1), 51-58.

WU1995

Wu, L.-K., & Nieh, W. K. (1995). FDTD analysis of the radiometric temperature measurement of a bilayered biological tissue using a body-contacting waveguide probe. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 43(7), 1576-1583. (https://doi.org/10.1109/22.392917)

YAN2018

Yaniv, Z., Lowekamp, B. C., Johnson, H. J., & Beare, R. (2018). SimpleITK Image-Analysis Notebooks: a collaborative environment for education and reproducible research. Journal of Digital Imaging, 31(3), 290-303. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-0037-8)

YEE1966

Yee, K. S. (1966). Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations in isotropic media. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, 14(3), 302-307. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1966.1138693)